Retail Analyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Retail Analyst - Essay Example e use of spreadsheet program, Microsoft excel, statistical software and similar programs that will help him have a big picture of how the business is going. Obviously, the retail analyst also should have strong mathematical and analytical skills because it is his duty to figure out the meanings of charts and numbers and how that information affects the success of the business. Communication skill is also essential so he can be able to make lay people understand the concepts analyzed from the data. A certification may suffice for employment but some might require a license. The job is quite enormous but to one who is inclined to the task, it is quite simple and might even be fulfilling especially that a retail analyst can be compensated from $30,000-70,000 per year. With the descriptions mentioned above, retail analysis can be said to fall under applied science, specifically in applied mathematics. Science is applied in the job by observing how a business flows especially when it comes to what sells fastest and what is stocked for a long time. Once the best-sellers or the problems are identified, solutions should be strategically planned and analyzed. Retail analyst seems to be a job that might interest me because I believe I have the mathematical and analytical skills so I just might consider pursuing such a

Madison Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Madison Debate - Essay Example On the other hand, Mr. Randolph proposed the formation of a national government consisting of three branches that include supreme legislative, executive, and judiciary (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). He also proposed two branches for the national legislature. In the New Jersey plan, Mr. Patterson proposed one house in the Congress while in the Virginia plan Mr. Randolph proposed two houses in the Congress (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). In the New Jersey plan, the Union States in Congress elected the congressional members while in the Virginia plan the people of the several states elected the congressional members (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). The two plans defined terms of service for the legislative branch where in the Virginia plan, the congressional members served for a term of three years while in the New Jersey plan the congressional members served for one term of unspecified years (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). There are differences in congressional representation in the Virginia plan by Mr. Randolph and the New Jersey plan by Mr. Patterson. The New Jersey plan determines a states members based on the number of white & other free citizens & inhabitants of every age sex and condition (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). On the other hand, the Virginia plan determines a states members based on the limits of the Union States from a voluntary junction of Government & territory or otherwise (Lillian Goldman Law Library 1). In both plans, the votes by states in Congress define the powers of the Congress and determine the management and operations of Union states. Moreover, congressional power differs in the two plans where powers of the Congress with relation to the New Jersey plan helps in passing acts for raising a revenue, making rules & regulations, and altering and amending the acts as they deem fit (Lillian Goldman Law Library

Kenyan Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding

Kenyan Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding HOW DID THE KENYAN STRATEGY ON INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING COME TO BE?A CRITICAL ANALYSIS. *Commonly used Acronyms EBF-Exclusive Breastfeeding IYCF/N-Infant and Young Child Feeding/Nutrition BFHI/CI-Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative/Community Initiative. MOPHS-Ministry Of Public Health and Sanitation The first 1000 days of life are crucial stages for a childs growth and development. Damages accrued from nutritional deficiencies during this time are likely to lead to poor cognitive development which results into compromised educational achievement and hence low economic productivity.(Murage et.al,2013;Bhutta et.al,2013).Poor nutrition results from inappropriate feeding practices with poor timing, poor quality and inadequate quantity of food.(M.O.P.H.S,2010). Optimal breastfeeding and complimentary feeding practices are essential in meeting the nutritional needs of children in the first years of life.The Lancet (2003),indicates that exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) for the first 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding from 6-11 months in addition to complementary feeding and a continued breastfeeding up-to 2 years of age help reduce child mortality rates by 19%.This would not only be in line with The Kenyan National Health Sector Strategic Plan II but also significantly contribute towards attainment of Millennium Development Goal 4(Huffman et.al,2001), and The Kenyan Vision 2030.(M.O.H,2000). Several worldwide efforts intended to address child malnutrition emerged in the 1990s,championing to promote Infant and Young Child Feeding by providing appropriate breastfeeding environment.(M.O.P.H.S,2007/10).These included; The Innocenti Declaration(1990),World Summit For Children(1990),Earth Summit, International Conferences on Nutrition and on Population Development(1992),World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action(WABA) and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. The 2003 Kenya Demographic Health Survey(KDHS) results showed only 2.6% of exclusive breastfeeding( EBF) rates in the country.Additionally, the rates of malnutrition were 30% for stunting,20% underweight and 6% severe malnutrition. Between 2008-2009,Kenya was listed among the top 20 countries with the highest under-nutrition rates.26.9% stunting and 20.3% underweight rates for ages 6-59 months(KDHS 2008/09;KNBS,2008).The HIV pandemic and the attendant risk of Mother To Child Transmission continued to pose a threat to exclusive breastfeeding even to the non-affected families.A study revealed the increased fear by both mothers and peer counsellors on the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding(Koricho et.al,2010).The peer counsellors were more comfortable if HIV positive mothers would abstain from EBF and rather opt for replacement feeding which mostly did not meet the WHO guideline of AFASS(Acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, safe).This led to an increase in infant m ortality rates and malnutrition(Creek et.al,2006). Over 30 countries have developed National IYCF(Infant Young Child Feeding) Strategies based on WHO/UNICEF guidelines..(Sagoe et.al,2012;WHO,2006).Kenya was also a signatory to all global conventions meant to improve IYCF practices.(M.O.P.H.S,2007/10). This essay aims to critically analyse the Kenyan Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding practices (IYCF), developed between 2007-2010. The strategy was intended to provide a strong mechanism, through which the government and various sectors could in a comprehensive and coordinated manner influence accelerated action to improve IYCF practices in Kenya.(M.O.P.H.S,2007/1O).I will draw upon the Walt and Gilson approach of the health policy triangle(1994,cited by Buse et.al,2012) to critically analyse and discuss how the Strategy came into place, what were the key driving factors and the stakeholders involved in the policy making process. I will combine the health policy triangle for analysis and John Kingdons Policy Windows and 3streams approach to agenda setting. The Health Policy Triangle comes in as a more suitable approach, as it acknowledges the importance of looking at content and process of policy making; besides exploring the role of power by the state, national and internati onal organisations and its influence on policy making.(Buse et.al,2012).Kenya is a low income country hence hence a policy making process would involve an interaction among various different stakeholders. Buse et.al(2012) defines policy as the decisions made by those with responsibility for a given area; and a health policy as that which covers courses of action or inaction that affects the set of institutions, organisations, services and funding arrangements of both private and public healthcare systems.The health policy triangle is divided into four constituent parts, both interrelated and interconnected and which are suitable for describing and understanding the Kenyan IYCF Strategy. These include the context, content, process and actors. Context entails the political, social, economic, cultural, both national and international which may have an effect on health policy(Buse et.al,2012).Further classified into situational, structural, cultural and international/exogenous factors by Leichter (1979),cited by Buse et.al,(2012).Some of the situational factors that stimulated the development of The Kenyan Strategy on IYCF include the issue of HIV and its great influence on exclusive breastfeeding and the increased rates of malnutrition combined with decline in the key indicators of IYCF(M.O.P.H.S,2007/10).A rapid assessment study (Chopra et.al,2009)indicated widespread mis- information on the Mother To Child Transmission(MTCT) of HIV as a major factor influencing breastfeeding patterns in Kenya.IYCF practices that differ from the commonly seen ones in the community would result in unwanted disclosure of HIV status.(Onono et.al,2014).This had a great influence on the duration of breastfeeding and the method of infant feeding used by the mother. Increased malnutrition rates caused by declined exclusive breastfeeding rates from 3.5%(KDHS 1998)to 2.6%(KDHS 2003) was the other factor(M.O.P.H.S,2007/10).Structural factors included inadequate capacity building on healthcare workers on IYCF ,HIV and breastfeeding leading to decline in promotion of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative(BFHI) and breastfeeding promotion through healthcare facilities(Kimani et.al,2015;MOPHS,2007/10).Buse et.al,2012 describes capacity as the ability of the government to make and implement policies.Kenya recorded a decline in BFHI from 600 in 1996 to less than 6 in 2003(M.O.P.H.S,2007/10;Chopra et.al,2009). On the other hand, contextual cultural factors would entail issues such as, the fact that 60-80% of Kenyan women were involved in labour and agricultural practices with minimal male involvement in childcare, leading to poor child caring practices(MOPHS,2007/10).Other beliefs and practices in Kenyan families e.g the belief that breast milk alone is not sufficient for a child also played a great role in influencing the strategy(MOPHS,2007/10;Matsuyama et.al,2013;Murage et.al,2013).To most African countries, exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) is alien(Magoni et.al 2005,cited by Onono et.al,2014).Mixed feeding(breastfeeding along with other liquids or fluids) is the most common method of infant feeding globally and is often continued up to 2 years of age.The strategy was developed to mirror the WHO/UNICEF global strategy for IYCF that was developed to improve global IYCF practices.(Murage,2015).Kenyas aim was to actualize this through the BFHI, along with other interventions such as adopting a nd implementing the WHO Code Of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes(MOPHS,2007/10)meant to regulate the marketing of breast milk substitutes.A reflection of the influence of international factors to the development of this strategy. Content of a policy refers to substance of a particular policy which details its constituent parts.The aim of the strategy was to contribute to improved health, nutritional status development and survival of infants and young children in Kenya.(MOPHS,2007/2010).Some of the component parts and targets of the strategy between 2008-2010 included: strengthening national structures on IYCF to facilitate planning, coordination and advocacy for implementation of the strategy; updating the existent IYCF policy guidelines and the National policies in the context of HIV, to be in line with WHO consensus and statement on HIV and IYCF(WHO,2006) ,and disseminating it by 2008;Enactment of Kenyan National Law for regulation of foods eaten by children aged below 3years and putting up a monitoring system by 2009;revitalization of the Kenyan BFHI to ensure 75% of mothers who deliver in healthcare facilities are initiated on exclusive breastfeeding and providing support and necessary information to hel p them continue up to 6 months of age; ensuring support for breastfeeding mothers by employees through the Employment Act and attendance of IYCF Inter-grated Course by 60% health workers, and 80% PMTCT service providers.The nine main strategic components deemed crucial for the attainment of the strategy goals included; policies and legislation on IYCF, practices in IYCF and IYCF in difficult circumstances, HIV and infant feeding, capacity building on IYCF, communication and advocacy, research on IYCF, partnerships and coordination and finally monitoring and evaluation in IYCF.(MOPHS,2007/10). The process of policy making refers to the way in which policies are initiated,developed,formulated,negotiated,communicated,implemented and evaluated.(Buse et.al,2012).The Kenyan strategy on IYCF can be broken down into the four different theoretical stages of policy process named by Sabatier Smith,(1993) cited by Buse et.al,(2012).These are, problem identification, policy formulation, policy implementation and evaluation.Kenya had recorded a decline on key indicators on IYCF during the two decades prior to the formation of this strategy.Exclusive breastfeeding rates were at 3% with virtually no BFHI facilities(MOH,2007-2010).Additionally, only about 52% of mothers would initiate breastfeeding within one hour.Complementary feeds were introduced way too early for the babies.These issues were closely linked to poor IYCF programming at that time(Lancet 2003;MOPHS,2007/2010). On formulation, The Strategy was developed as a measure that sought to build on past initiatives and improvements to promote IYCF in Kenya(Murage et.al.2013).It was derived from The Global Strategy on IYCF, the Kenyan Policy Guidelines on IYCF, The National Assessment of IYCF policies, programmes and practices and National Food and Nutrition Policy (was still being reviewed in parliament).(MOPHS,2007/10).The rationale for the strategy accrued from among other issues, the increased evidence on interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding and complimentary feeding practices being able to prevent about a fifth of under-five mortality rates in developing countries(Lancet,2003;MOPHS,2007/10). Nutrition is universally recognized as a childs right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health(UNICEF,2012).Based on the global strategy, an assessment of IYCF policies, programmes and practices was conducted in 2004.(Sagoe et.al,2012).Weaknesses were identified, hence leading to a suggestion of the need for a national programme focusing on IYCF, with high levels of advocacy if mothers and children were to practice exclusive breast and complementary feeding.This strategy evolved as a response to that assessment. The strategy would be mainly implemented through BFHI which promotes breastfeeding around the maternity ward during the time of delivery (Murage et.al,2013).It would call for increased political will, public investment and heightened awareness of the critical importance of IYCF amongst health workers, other professionals and community based care providers.(MOH,2007/10).Additionally, involvement of the government, families, communities and community based organisations(CBOs)in collaboration with international organisations and other concerned parties would ensure that necessary action is taken(MOH,2007). The monitoring and evaluation(ME) process would be achieved through: reviewing, developing and harmonizing monitoring and evaluation tools for IYCF; developing and installing software for IYCF at district level; all level monitoring of the National Communication Strategy on IYCF; developing and maintaining a data bank for the persons trained on IYCF/BFHI/code; developing ME tools for IYCF in difficult situations including HIV and Infant Feeding; regular review of IYCF strategy implementation, among many other evaluation strategies such as ME of the implementation of the communication strategy at all levels.(MOPHS,2007). Actors in a policy refers to individuals, organizations the state and their actions that affect policy(Buse.et.al,2012).They may try to influence policy at local, regional, national and international levels.Buse et.al(2012) further classifies the actors into: interest/pressure groups which refers to a type of civil society group that attempts to influence the policy to achieve specific goals; or civil society groups which refers to group or organization which is outside the government and beyond the family group.The actors who played different roles towards the formation of this strategy and were to be actively involved in the implementation included: the government; the non-governmental organisations and community based support groups; international organisations; industries and enterprises; professional associations, ministries, mass media and other groups and communities which includes parents and caregivers directly responsible for feeding children.(MOPHS,2007/10).These can be cl assified as either interest/pressure groups or the civil society groups. The power of international bodies and their influence on the development of this strategy is clearly depicted.Power as defined by Buse et.al,(2012) is the ability to influence and to control resources or the ability to achieve a desired outcome.Being a member of the WHO, Kenya had to comply to the guide it provided on IYCF by creating a National strategy, just like all the other member countries(Jones et.al,2013;Sagoe et.al,2012)),especially within the Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Caribbean.The strategy also adopts the BFHI which was originally launched by WHO/UNICEF(1991) following the Innocenti Declaration, meant to promote exclusive breastfeeding (WHO/UNICEF,2009).A demonstration of the power emanating from WHO as a decision making process.(Dahl,1961 cited by Buse et.al,2012). Development of the strategy would involve using WHO/LINKAGES assessment tool to assess the policies and practices in the country, after which they would be rated after review by national stakeholders and the results used to create a interventions meant to address the gaps(Sagoe et.al,2012). A mixed scanning method of decision making was applied in the formation of the strategy.Mixed scanning would involve a sweep of the problem as a whole followed by a detailed analysis of the component parts(Etzoni,1967 cited by Buse et.al,2012).The Ministry Of Health ,at the national level was involved in assessments intended to quantify the levels of different IYCF practices.Whereas the Ministry Of Public Health And Sanitation(MOPHS)went further ahead to come up with different approaches towards addressing the issue e.g revitalizing BFHI, training all health officials on PMTCT(Prevention of Mother to child transfer);and renewing commitments to create an environment that enabled Kenyan women to practice optimal IYCF.Additionally,it would collaborate with other ministries and international stakeholders and NGOs towards fulfilment of the objectives of the strategy.Therefore working as a policy community. A Policy community is a recognizable subdivision of public policy making in which there is sustained interaction between participants through a web of formal and informal relationships(Buse.et.al,2012).It was demonstrated through participation and consultation among different key IYCF stakeholders; including the government, international bodies, non-governmental organisations and communities, steered by a technical working group under the auspices of National Infant Feeding Steering Committee(MOPHS,2007/10). A legislative framework that would help support and promote breastfeeding had to be set up in the formation of the strategy.The legislature refers to a body that enacts the laws that govern a country and oversees the executive.(Buse et.al,2012).Its roles would include, legislation to give effect to the aims and principles of the International Code Of Breast Milk Substitutes.Additionally,it would legislate towards protecting and supporting breastfeeding among working mothers.(MOPHS,2007/2010). Getting onto the agenda setting aspect of the IYCF strategy; Kingdons(1984) theoretical model of agenda setting(cited by Buse et.al,2012), would be much suitable in explaining how the Kenyan Strategy on IYCF became a major focus of government. Agenda setting is the process by which issues come into the policy agenda from the much larger number of issues potentially worthy of attention by policy makers.(Buse et.al,2012).Policy making is therefore viewed in agenda setting as responding to daily problems that need solutions.(Thomas and Grindle,1991 cited by Buse et.al,2012).The approach focuses on the role of policy entrepreneurs within and outside the government who utilize policy windows(agenda setting opportunities)to move issues onto the governments formal agenda.It is explained using 3 streams ;problem, policy and politics streams and the policy windows.Policy entrepreneurs promote their ideas into many different fora and invest time to ensure they are put onto the agenda.(Kingdon, 1995). Problem stream is defined as public matters that requires attention(Gulbrandson and Fossum,2009). With an emphasis that it only becomes a problem if identified by the decision makers besides other lists of problems presented.Chopra et.al 2009 acknowledges the existence of a huge gap in the level of political support that nutrition and infant feeding was able to achieve compared to other components of the Prevention of Mother To Child Transfer(PMTCT) programme.An explanation to the delay in implementation of the then, already existing IYCF policy and the pending approval of other existent nutritional programmes that would promote IYCF.The Ministry Of Public Health and Sanitation(MOPHS) was majorly involved in advocacy besides other nongovernmental organizations.The overwhelming evidence on malnutrition recorded by KDHS and Kenya Bureau of Statistics e.g 29.% stunting and 20.3% underweight children, data on huge reduction in EBF and decrease in BFHI by 70% (KDHS 2003;Lancet,2003) were the key indicators that evidenced the magnitude of the issue and the need for prompt government action. Implementing this strategy was Kenyas way of renewing its commitment to WHO, by adopting its 2006 consensus statements on HIV and infant feeding.It was also a major stakeholder and a potential source of funding.The policy stream consists of ongoing problem analysis, and their proposed solutions together with debates surrounding the problems.(Buse et.al,2012).The solutions should be easily available and promptly reachable by decisionmakers.(Guldbrandson and Fossum,2009). The strategy was drawn from national assessments of IYCF policies ,programmes and practices in the country(2004)and from consultative meetings with stakeholders.In addition to being harmonized with the National Food and Nutrition policy that was pending in the government at that time; it was intended as a guide of action based on accumulated evidence on importance of infant and child nutrition during their early months and years of life and for growth and development.(MOPHS,2007;Murage et.al,2013). The Kenyan Public Health Sanitation ministry then also had the expertise, technical and programme knowledge to rapidly improve Infant and Young Child Feeding indicators and to save lives.(MOPHS,2007/2010). Politics stream is defined as being composed of such events as national mood swings, government changes and campaigns by interest groups.(Buse et.al 2012;Guldbrandson and Fusson,2009).The year of 2007 was an elections and campaign year in Kenya.The then existing government had a strong intention to go for a second term.Cairney and Jones,(2015) describe this as an existence of both motive an opportunity in politics stream.Implementing the IYCF strategy during this period would be one of the moves to entice the public by showing attention to their problems.The strategy would provide a strong framework through which the government and other important stakeholders could contribute towards improvement of Kenyan childrens nutritional status through IYCF practices.(MOPHS,2007/10). The existence of an attention lurching problem(problem stream),with readily proposed solutions(policy stream) and a conducive and positive political environment that accepted and supported the strategy(politics stream) led to development of a policy window.An opportunity to develop the strategy in parliament and eventually its implementation. The Kenyan Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation(MOPHS-Kenya)would support this strategy by renewing its commitment to create an enabling environment for optimal IYCF(MOPHS,2007/10).It would also improve child survival by strengthening focus on IYCF through various ways like: advocating for enforcement and implementation of Maternity protection Provision in the Employment Act 2007 in all sectors; working with the attorney general and the Minister Of Justice and Constitutional Affairs to ensure enactment of a law that protects optimal IYCF; develop clear, consistent policies and guidelines; build the entire capacity of the public and private healthcare system to implement them, among many other key supportive tasks.(MOPHS,2007). Development of the IYCF strategy was a huge and commendable step in Kenya.Different factors are clearly outlined as having contributed towards its formation.Improvement infant and young child feeding practices, and maternal health being the core driving factors, besides adherence to WHO Global Strategy on IYCF.(MOPHS,2007/10).By 2012,Kenya was in its final stages of enacting the strategy.(Sagoe et.al,2012). The successive process of the strategy formation can be attributed to, the involvement of WHO/UNICEF, the intense collaboration between the Ministry of Health(MOH) and the MOPHS-Kenya together with other major national and international NGOs such as APHIA II Partners, World Vision Kenya among many others.(MOPHS,2007/10) Several significant achievements accrued from the implementation of this strategy include the 61% increase in EBF rates(KDHS,2014).Making Kenya among the handful of countries that have managed to achieve the WHA target of 50% EBF rates by 2025.Enactment of the Code of Marketing for breastmilk substitutes(Sagoe et.al,2012)and the development of various models like the BFHI and the Breast Feeding Community initiative(APHRC,2014) have greatly contributed towards achieving high EBF rates. A critical analysis of the strategy implementation process and the challenges pertaining to its implementation, an aspect my essay did not focus on; would be a clear and concise way of depicting the achievements of the strategy and the barriers faced on rolling out and implementation of its plans. TOTAL WORD COUNT-3,265.

Oscar Wilde :: essays research papers fc

Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin Ireland on October 16, 1854. He is one of the most talented and most controversial writers of his time. He was well known for his wit, flamboyance, and creative genius and with his little dramatic training showing his natural talent for stage and theatre. He is termed a martyr by some and may be the first true self-publicist and was known for his style of dress and odd behavior. Wilde, 1882 His Father, William Wilde, was a highly accredited doctor and his mother, Jane Francesca Elgee, was a writer of revolutionary poems. Oscar had a brother William Charles Kingsbury along with his father’s three illegitimate children, Henry, Emily, and Mary. His sister, Isola Emily Francesca died in 1867 at only ten years of age from a sudden fever, greatly affecting Oscar and his family. He kept a lock of her hair in an envelope and later wrote the poem ‘Requiescat’ in her memory. Oscar and his brother William both attended the Protora Royal School at Enniskillen. He had little in common with the other children. He disliked games and took more interest in flowers and sunsets. He was extremely passionate about anything that had to do with ancient Greece and with Classics. Wilde during school years In 1871, he was awarded a Royal School Scholarship to Trinity College in Dublin and received many awards and earned the highest honor the college offered to an undergraduate, the Foundation Scholarship. In 1874, he also won the College’s Berkley Gold Medal for Greek and was awarded a Demyship to Magdalen College, Oxford. After graduating from Oxford, Oscar moved to London with his friend Frank Miles, a well-known portrait painter of the time. In 1878 his poem Ravenna was published, for which he won the Newdigate poetry prize. In 1881, he published his first collection of poetry ‘Poems’, which was well liked by critics. In late 1881, Oscar left to travel across the United States and deliver a series of lectures on â€Å" the aesthetics†, the belief that to create a sense of beauty was more important than anything else. The trip was only planned to last four months but instead lasted nearly a year with Oscar giving nearly three times as many lectures as planned. He met Henry Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Walt Whitman, on which he made a good impression. During this time he arranged for his play Vera to be staged in New York.

Marketing 4 Ps

â€Å"A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS† AT RAHUL MOTORS A project report submitted to SRM University, In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of The degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTARTIONS Submitted by AMIT PRASAD (3511110732) Under the guidance of Mr. G. VENUGOPALAN (Assistant Professor) SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SRM UNIVERSITY KATTANKULATHUR CAMPUS KANCHEEPURAM-03 MAY2012-JULY2012 DECLARATIONI AMIT PRASAD do declare that the research report entitled â€Å" A STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS from RAHUL MOTORS in HOOGHLY (WEST BENGAL)† submitted to the SRM UNIVERSITY for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master Of Business Administration is my own endeavor and it has not been submitted earlier to any institution / university for any degree. PLACE: Chennai Date: signature of the candidate AMIT PRASAD REG NO: 3511110732 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure to present This Report of RAHUL MOTORS [west Bengal].I take this Opportunity to Owe my thanks to all those involved in my Training. This project report could not have been completed without the Guidance of our director of the company, Avijit Roy and project Venugopalan . Their timely help & encouragement helped me To complete this project successfully. I express my gratitude towards staff of RAHULMOTORS those Who have helped me directly or indirectly in completing the Training. AMIT PRASAD PREFACE When everybody is providing what is expected Fro m him/ he r, the pe rson de livering the U n e x p e c t e d to its customers succeeds in the long run.In Today’s marketplace, it is no longer enough to satisfy the Customers, the manufacturer needs to delight them as well. To Conquer the modern business world one needs to be one-step ahead of its competitors. MBA is combination of both theoretical as well as practical aspects of business and summer training gives a good opportunity to work in a real work environment. Thi s Project report is the result of 8 weeks training at â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS†. It has given me a great exposure and I have found practical work very different from theoretical ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYI had an opportunity to take my summer interns project â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS† Hooghly West Bengal. During the project I had a privilege being guided by MR. Avijit Roy, director of The company. The mother business of the company is to buy and Sell auctions Vehicles in the market. The company was setup in 2000 and newly five more companies have been established During the Last years . The tittle of my project was â€Å"a study of organization function†. The objective of choosing these topic was learn how the Work is done in an organization. With great hard work I have tried to show in report how work are being done in the organization .I hope this report will not become the just another academic document but will in all practically prove to be a use full tool for giving direc tion to the RAHUL MOTORS, which is the earnest call from the depth of my heart. AMIT PRASAD RAHUL MOTORS SECRETS OF SUCCESS There are hundreds of business books and number of journals And magazines published every year on successful business Operation. However, in nutshell, it can be distilled in 8 major Secret which are as follows. ? 1st secret is that successful companies are not in business solely for the money. â€Å"Henry Ford† remarked that a company which only makes money is no sort of company at all. Strong culture, faster than other, friendly and goal oriented. ? Try to understand the customers, what customers actually wants that are understand by the company not vague idea, need aspiration and behavior. ? T he y k n o w w h a t i s i mp o rt a n t a n d t h is i s re fl e c t e d i n t h e i r impulsion of their employees. ? Successful companies are persistent and p o w e r f u l communicator. People keep information and bright idea to themselves or communicate with a select few. ? Not a secret at all keep faith in simple practice and principles is the presence of the chosen few. Leader in sense overall activities he control ability and skill. ? Make profit but make customer delight. RAHUL MOTORS BELIEVES IN ? The fact that ‘change ‘is a way of life. ? Absolute market orientation for a quick and positive response to the customer’s needs. ? An uncompromising commitment to a flexible, professional and personalized service from within a stimulating result oriented environment. ? Timely delivery with consistent standards. ? Response approach to the benefits of R&D and the modern technology. ? Having faith in individual potential and respect for human values. ? Being a esponsible corporate citizen with due respect to the laws of the land and its environment. ? Product to be the best available quality for premium market segments. ? These underline the corporate philosophy, which has shaped RAHUL MOTORS OF YESTERDAY and RAHUL MOTOR S OF TODAY. Products to be of the best available quality for premium market segment through TQM an d zero defect implem entation. For achieving in all functional areas, encouraging innovations for constant improvement of the product and service. Having faith in your skill and ability. Always encourage and motivate your group. Believe in loyalty.RAHUL MOTORS CULTURE AND ASPECTS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Professionalism System Approach Commitment To Quality Excellence With Economy Cost Consciousness Human Resource Regarded As Valuable Asset Emphasis On Teaching and Development Preference To Human Value Management By Participation Open Door Policy In Sharing Ideas And Suggestions Group Synergy Emphasis on effective communication and coordination Managerial strength and acceptance to change Cordial Environment Customer Focus Honor And Reward ? ORGANISATION STRUCTURE BOARD OF DIRECTOR S CHAIRMAN/ MANAGING DIRTECTOR VICE PRESIDENTMANAGER STAFF SUB STAFF FIG (1. 0) REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF MARKETING In the sequence of strategic analysis and decision, â€Å"marketing mix† falls after various external and internal environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis and even formulation of competitive strategies . marketing mix is an interpretive concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firm blend to produce the responses it wants in the target market. So, it consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for their product. t is important to release that marketing mix of any company have can have one major functions that is strategic communication of the organization with the customers. It was further argued that marketing mix provides multiple paths can be achieved in written form or through communication (advertising and selling etc) or many more symbolic forms. However the key element is that the main aspects of marketing mix that will be discussed below â€Å"should not be seen as individual entities but as the set of Interrelated entities which has to be set in conjunction with one another.Main aspects of marketing mix The earliest way to know marketing is through more famous synonym â€Å"4p’s of marketing† the classification of first marketing mix was first introduce and suggested by mccarthy and includes marketing strategies product, price, place promotions . the following diagram is useful in determing the 4p’s in marketing mix. ? PRODUCT In simpler terms product consists of all features and combination of goods that the company offers to its customers . LAZER argued that the most important aspects for main two reasons.The very first is the product are the expressions for the company determining the link with the customers. so the product policy and strategy are the prime importance to an enterprise. Secondly, it is imperative to realize that the product of any company is a both component and determinant of marketing mix as it Hs a great influence in other marketing mix. So, without a proper policy a company cannot pursue for the further element of marketing mix. ? PRICE Pricing is basically a setting of price for a product or service Offered. n simplest way kotler have describe price that an amount of money paid by the customers for a product. Generally pricing strategy has been divided into two parts price determination and price administration. Pricing determination refers to as the process and activities employed to arrive at a price for a product within the same line and differences in price for a similar product. On the other hand price price for a similar product. On the other hand price administration refers to the activities in fitting basic price to a particular sales situations such as local , function performed by the customers or special sales situations. PLACES Places under marketing mix compromises all company activities that make the product to the targeted customers . based on the various fa ctors such as sales, communication , contractual considerations various ways of making product available. On a general note while planning a placement under marketing mix strategy company follow six different strategy for the placement some of the strategy are choosing single or multiple distribution channels, the type of intermediaries to use on quality and reputations. ? PROMOTIONSPromotional strategy include all through which a company communicates the benefits and values of its product. The best way of understating these p is through the concept of the marketing communication process. The actual message is the advertisement or sales presentations the destinations of potential customers. CONCLUSION At last I can conclude that the company have reached the Maturity level in the market and the proper strategies and ideas Can reach the goal which the company wants to achieve. The Utilization of resource and manpower can also achieve benefits For the growth of the company.The organiza tion function of the company is a important part of Any organization. RAHUL MOTORS have a very planned functions that are played in the company. RECOMMENDATION ? The company should have its own website, as it helps to locate more customers. ? The location of the corporate office should be changed to the heart of the city. ? The company should make a investments on proper advertisements to capture major part of markets. ? The customers should be always be acknowledged about the new product of the company. BUSINESS ASSOCIATES OF THE COMPANYAs the company is rising day by day the companies have Collaborated with differentleading companies who are the Business leaders in the market of west Bengal. The associates Are generally banks and Insurance company who does the Businesswith RAHUL GROUP of companies. The associates of the company are helping RAHUL MOTORS in different ways by providing funds to the Company. The company presently going to collaborate with more companies , now presentl y companies is working with some of the leading of the companies are as follows- ? MAGMA FINCORP LTD ?CITICORP FINANCE INDIA LTD ? RELIGARE FINVEST LTD ? TATA CAPITAL LTD ? RELIGARE CAPITAL LTD ? KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD ? INDUSIND BANK LTD ? NEW INDIA ASSURANCECOMPANY LTD ? BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENENAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ? ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY RAHUL MOTORS -15% OTHERS- 85% Market Share Rahul Motor Others FIG-2. 0 GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 6 5 4 Axis Title 3 Growth 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010 Axis Title 2011 2012 FIG-3. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56 lac 70 lac 01 cr 02 cr 05 cr (TARGET) GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Urban, 12%Semi-Urban, 48% Rural, 40% FIG-4. 0 COMPTEITIORS OF THE COMPANY A company when gets into business, they need tackle many things . the most important problem company need to face is that, the competitors need to be careful with their ideas and strategy. As in the case of RAHUL MOTORS the company need to face many competitors . RM have their di fferent strategy for the against company . During the past years the company have growned many opponents in their business . some of the major competitors of RAHUL MOTORS are as follows- LAXMI MOTORS AMIT MOTORS DILIP SAHA & COMPANYThese are some of the major opponents of the company. FIVE YEAR PLAN OF THE COMPANY On the basis of the company progress reports and with the help of the past records, company has planned to grow the company and become the major player in the market. The company have different ideas and plan for their new and existing product. The company is planning to grow their field in finance sector that is the company have an idea to get into the loan business. For an example the bank provides loan on the basis of the needs of Customers. Some of the major plans of the companies which are as follows- They are going start a new venture which would provide funds to the customers against gold, which is a new form funding system for the customers , which is also known as gold loan. ? Next plan of the company is to make the company a private Limited company which would help the company to grew Faster in the market . These are some of the above plans of the company . the most Important step the company is going to take in the future is that, The company is going to grow their business with their own funds which means own funding for the company, which is the crucial step the company is going to take for their future business.GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geographical shows the optimum areas of business of the Company. The Data provided by the company was significant for me to analyze the areas where the company has more Percentage of Customersandless. In others words, we can say that the company the company’s market capture in West Bengal. A graphical presentation have showed that how the company has captured the market. Some of the areas of the company areas are as follows- ? Semi-urban areas : 48% ? Rural areas : 40% ? Urban areas: 12 % These are so me of the areas where the company have capture the market GROWTH OF THE COMPANYDuring the last 5 years , the company have shown positive Growth without having any decline in any of the business. In 2008 the net investment was around 56 lakhs and now in 2012 the company have invested around 5 corers. The total investments shows the progress of the company. The net total investments was taken of last 5year to obtained a Graphical (fig-2. 0) representation regarding the growth of the company. HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY OF THE COMPANY The RAHUL GROUP Human Resource department plays a very Significant and important role to keep the link between the Employees and management.The company have strict and Convenient policy for the employee’s . the company’s Management always showed their employees that they are the Assets of the companies and the employees also feel homely Environment in the offices . some of the companies HR policy Which are as follows, ? LEAVE POLICY †¢ The em ployee can take 12 leaves in a year subject to approval of the authority. Before taking any leave, employee has to apply for leave at least three days prior for one/two leave and for long leave apply minimum ten days. If anybody is found taken leave without approval, his/her leave will be treated as LOP (Loss of pay). Six leaves can be enchased after completing the year. Its includes medical/illness. However, special medical cases will be taken into consideration. Employee can take half day leave for his personal work. ? ATTENDANCE POLICY †¢ Employee has to be present within 10. 30 a. m. and sign the Attendance register book immediately. After 10. 30 nobody will be given permission to sign thereof and the employee will be marked as â€Å"Late† for this day. †¢ Leave related record will be taken from the register book. If any employee does not sign for specific day and demand after some days that this is person was present on that day.His/her demand will be strictly rejected. †¢ If any employee is found late for three days in a month, one leave will taken from his/her leave account. †¢ If anybody has face any problem or have any urgent work in the morning, he/she come late for that day but subject to approval of the authority. He/she has to inform for that matter. Without information his/her attendance will be marked as late. If anybody is found present all working day within 10. 30 a. m. and leave office 7. 00 p. m. , he/she will be will be rewarded for his/her punctuality and dedication for the work. PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS The performance review is done bi-yearly in the organization The promotions in the organization are usually governed by the following factors: †¢ How well an employee performed in his / her present job. †¢ How much potential an employee has for future responsibilities. †¢ How much additional knowledge he / she have acquired for further advancement. †¢ Personal attribute, work habits, attitude t owards self and others, ability to get along with the team, leadership qualities, personal contribution to the success of the company determines his / her competence for promotion.Feedback given by all those who work with the employee such as his / her superiors, subordinates, peers and the customers. ? EMPLOYEES RECREATIONS Birthdays and parties are organized for the employees on Specific day and month . Arrangement are done by the Companies HR. The main motive of these parties in the Company is to change the environment of work to Something different the parties includes all the employees Including directors of the company. On the other hand Picnic is also organized every year for the companies Employees which is an compulsory event organized by HR Team of the company. MARKET RESEARCHMarket research often refers to either primary or secondary Research. Secondary research involves a company using Information compiled from various sources which is about new or existing product. Prim ary research involves qualitative research and quantative research as well as field taste and observations conducted for tailored specifically to that product. Primary research which is also called field research or original research is useful for finding information’s and getting customers views and feedback. During the survey for my report I visited many of the customers who are the new and also the exiting customers.While communicating with them I analyzed that Rahul motors always try to ststisfy their customers in any circumstances , for an example the company provide easy monthly installments {EMI} for the vehicles . As the current scenarios of the market I observed in the west Bengal is that, the customers don’t want invest on the new Vehicles as because the interest rate and the subsidy on the Vehicles are very high. So they are going for the used vehicles. Here the Rahul motor is playing a great role towards the Customers by financing the vehicles at low intere st rate and Good offers.Rahul motors always segmented their customers in Different categories which makes the easy to deal with the Customers. The company can provide the product what the Customers for his/her use. Market research resulted that the Company have generated the maturity stage in the market and it seems the decline stage would not come for these company . MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY The total market share of the company is about 15% throughout West Bengal, which is being assumed by the company. After Analyzing the company annual report it has shown progress During the last years.Therefore the company has targeted more Profits in the coming year for the development. From the data provided by the company. A graphical (1. o) diagram Has been obtained and which made easy to make an Analysis of the total market share. MISSION OF THE COMPANY Every company has wish and goal which they always want to Fulfill. RAHUL GROUP OF COMPANIES have some target And also dreams which they want to achieve during the past Years some of the target of the company is as follows- ? The very first dream of the company is to get the no. position in the market. ? They want to spread their business in the different states of India. ? As they are expanding their business they are going to recruit employees for their companies. OBJECTIVE This study is done in keeping following objectives in view: ? To find out the present status of the automobile industries in India. ? To study the market research of automobile industries. ? To study the distribution and the marketing strategy adopt by the automotive industries. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Established in 2000and was started by Roy family .It is a family Owned business , The Shareholders of the company are the Family members, ? Ranjit Roy ? Avijit Roy ? Indrajeet Roy They are the directors of the company . The mother business of The company is to buy the vehicles from the auctions ,For an Example they buy those vehicles whose install ments cannot be Paid by the customers and generally the vehicles are taken by The insurance company or the vehicles which customers want To Sell they buy those cars also, For these work they have 100+ Employees all over west Bengal and their target is to recruit to more Than 500+ employees for the company within 2 years.They started with one company and within {2000}now they have groups of company which are as follows, ? RAHUL MOTORS Nature of business is to buy and sell auctions vehicles in the market, they generally sell the commercial vehicle like trucks. ? TANVI PARKING The actual motive of these company is to provide parking place to the private vehicles. ? RITISHA MOTOR GARAGE The garage provides all kinds of repairs to the customers vehicles by using the proper manpower and engineers for the vehicles . ? RAHUL MOTOR FINANCE This company is one of the oldest non-banking and financial services organizations in West Bengal.Through a globalize network linked by advance technology , including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, Rahul Motors provides a comprehensive financial starting financing old and new vehicles. ? RAHUL RELCON PVT. LTD This is a new organization of RAHUL GROUP of companies. Rahul relcon is a construction company who builds apartments and flat for the customers. As it new company in the group, It need to face many competitors in the market. PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY A tangible object or intangible services that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific units.The product of Rahul motors is a tangible object as their product is the commercial vehicles for example car and trucks. They actually deal in the old and used vehicles for their business. The company does the hard job to get the vehicles . their main out sourcing is to get the vehicles from the auctions and the also the scraps vehicles, which they refurnished it once again and after that they get back to the customers. PRICE OF THE COMPANY The price is the amoun t a customer for the product. It is Determined by a number of factor including market share , Competitions, material cost etc. he business may increase or Decrease the price of product if other stores have the same Product. In the case of Rahul motors the price is the main factor for them they always provide the vehicles in a reasonable rate and even they provide financing options for the customers. Rahul motors always give their customers value for money and the company also help the customers several ways like free service and many more. PROMOTIONS OF THE COMPANY Promotions represent all of the communications that a marketer may use in the market place. Promotions has four distinct element which are as follows- ? ? ? ?Advertising Public relations Word of mouth Point of sale Rahul motors always follow all above the policy. The company does not invest in any advertisement as because it can make extra investments on the company . the main outsourcing of the company is the employees w ho communicates with the customers who are willing to buy and sale their vehicles. These system help the company to get directly to the customers. PLACE OF THE COMPANY Place represents the locations where a product can be Purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the internet.The company generally deal in the Commercial vehicles so they have targeted the semi urban Areas of the state where they find maximum number of Customers for their product. REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE Every business unit needs human resource (manpower) for the conduct of different business activities. In fact, no organisation can exist or operate efficiently without the support of human resource. Such human resource includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate / lower level staff / employees.A business organisation has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes accordingly. This is called ‘staffing' function of management. Human resource management is also described as personnel management or manpower management. According to Edwin Flippo, â€Å"Personnel Management is the planning, organizing , directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals†.Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage payment and industrial l relations are covered under human resource management. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career development. HRD programmes create a team of welltrained, efficient and capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of an enterprise. One organisation is different from a nother mainly because of the people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F .Druker, â€Å"the prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of its managers of tomorrow. † The human resource should be nurtured and used for the benefit of the organisation. Human resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the people (i. e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate conductive to the growth and development of an organisation.HR is a highly productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and corporations depends upon the extent to which it is effectively developed and utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated merely a s a commodity to be bought and used in factories. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"The function of management is to manage managers, workers and work†. The importance of manpower in business management is now universally accepted. Employees have a capacity to grow and develop, if suitable opportunities are offered.They give positive response to monetary and nonmonetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, â€Å"Good management means getting effective results with people†. This suggests the importance of human resource. Human resource is certainly important even in this age of extensive use of computer technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human brain which has capacity to think, assess and react. It is correct to say that man is a power rather than man has a power.Progressive / professional managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resourc e and this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in industrial and economic development. Professionally managed companies in India such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc. , give specia l importance and good attention to HRD. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2 MARKETING MIX BIBLIOGRAPHY ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by Philip kotler ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by pondicherry university WEBSITES ? www. google. com ? www. scribd. com ? www. wikepedia. co. in

A Child Called “It”: One Child’s Courage to Survive

A Child called It is an unforgettable story of the author, Dave Pelzer?  ¦s childhood. He was a survivor of the third worst case of child-abuse†¦ Premium a Child Called It Review It David Pelzer's A Child Called It, is so good. It is based on a true story of his life. Everything that happened in this book happened to him in real†¦ Premium Book Report On The Perfect Storm Book Report on The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger The fishing port of Gloucester, Massachusetts, just north of Boston, is one of the oldest fishing ports in†¦ Premium Child Called â€Å"It†- Characters: Heather Fonte Ms. Butterfield – 59704 A Child Called â€Å"It† by Dave Pelzer Setting: The setting takes place in March of 1973 in Daly City, California†¦ Premium a Child Called â€Å"It†: One Child's Courage To Survive By Dave Pelzer Child Called â€Å"It†: One Child's Courage to Survive by Dave Pelzer David J. Pelzer's mother, Catherine Roerva, was, he writ es in this ghastly, fascinating memoir, a†¦ Premium a Child Called It By â€Å"Dave Pelzer† Child Called It by Dave Pelzer is an intriguing journey through the torturing childhood of the author himself.The title relates to the book because his mother calls†¦ Premium a Child Called It Essay by David Pelzer. It was published by Health Communications, Inc in 1995. The book is 184 pages. A Child Called It is a memoir of David Pelzer, who experienced one†¦ Premium Book Report On Sun Tzu: Art Of War And Management a few of the principles and concepts which are later expounded in this book report. The objective of this book review is to highlight the concepts and principles†¦ Premium Joshua By Joseph f. Girzone – a Book Report JOSHUA by Joseph F.Girzone A Book Report ABOUT THE AUTHOR Joseph Francis Girzone is a priest. Advised by his doctor to withdraw from administrative work, he†¦ Premium a Child Called It got its title and that's what interested me in reading this book. A Child Called ‘It', by Dave Pelzer, is a life-changing story about, a young boy who is starved†¦ Premium a Critical Book Report In As i Lay Dying Critical Book Report in As I Lay Dying As I Lay Dying is a novel written by William Faulkner in 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897†¦ PremiumBook Report For Todd Buchholz’s â€Å"New Ideas From Dead Economists Book report for Todd Buchholzs New Ideas from Dead Economists This was a great read! Not only was it very informing on past and present economic thought, but it†¦ Premium a Child Called It: Author David Pelzer Author David Pelzers first book, A Child Called It, details his early years of child abuse that he received at the hands of his downright evil mother. Pelzer†¦ Premium Tony Dungy Book Report Practices, ; Priorities of a Winning Life Author: Tony Dungy A Book Report Michael Fors BUS 625/626 Dr. David†¦ Premium Child Called It – By Da ve Pelzer A Child Called It, by Dave Pelzer, is a first person narrative of a childs struggle through a traumatic abused childhood. The book begins with Dave telling us about†¦ Premium a Child Called ‘It’: One Child’s Courage To Survive Groth Dave Pelzer opens his book A Child Called It: One Childs Courage to Survive with the statement that this book depicts the language that was developed†¦ Premium In Contempt Book Report what he went through during the Simpson case. When I got the book I approached it like most students do when they have a book report to write.I didn't want to read†¦ Premium Anne Frank Book Report Michaela Hunter June 4, 2007 LA- Book Report The Diary of Anne Frank 1. The Diary of Anne Frank is about a young Jewish girl who lived during Hitlers time in†¦ Premium a Child Called It Analysis A Child Called It Abuse David went through multiple ways of abuse. Not only was he abused physically, but verbally, emotionally and mental ly as well. Through†¦ Premium Harry Potter Book Report ENGLISH BOOK REPORT: HARRY POTTER and the Prisoner of Azkaban AUTHOR: Joanne K. Rowling TYPE of book: Fantasy story MAIN CHARACTERS: Harry Potter. He is very†¦ Premium

Free Essays on Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Carter’s father, a farmer and businessman, ran a farm products store on the family farm in the rural community of Archery, a few miles west of Plains Georgia (â€Å"Jimmy Carter†). The Carters lived in Plains when Jimmy was born. Four years later, they moved to the farm in Archery. Jimmy grew up there and helped with the farm chores during his boyhood. Jimmy went to public school in Plains. His favorite subjects included history, literature, and music. As a teenager, he played on the high school basketball team. In 1941, following graduation from high school, Carter entered Georgia Southwestern College in Americus. In 1942, he was appointed to the United States Navel Academy. Carter met Rosalyn Smith, best friend of his sister Ruth. In the summer after graduation they were married. By the early 1950’s Carter and his wife had three sons. In 1962, Carter entered the race for the Democratic nomination for the Georgia Senate. He lost by a few votes, partly because of fraud that included stuffed ballot boxes. Carter pursued his appeals until he was declared the winner of the primary. In spite of all the confusion, Carter won the election. As a state senator, Carter advocated planning in government, and programs to help the poor and the disadvantaged. He was reelected in 1964. In 1971, Carter was inaugurated as governor of Georgia. Carter introduced policies that helped change the government and society. He supported integration, appointed many blacks to posts in state government. During his administration, the number of black appointees on major state boards and agencies increased from 3 to 53. The number of black state employees rose by about 40 per cent. Carter also established a project to honor notable black Georgians. He promoted prison reform and mental health programs. During his term as governor Carter traveled widely and began to believe that he was well qualified ... Free Essays on Jimmy Carter Free Essays on Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Carter’s father, a farmer and businessman, ran a farm products store on the family farm in the rural community of Archery, a few miles west of Plains Georgia (â€Å"Jimmy Carter†). The Carters lived in Plains when Jimmy was born. Four years later, they moved to the farm in Archery. Jimmy grew up there and helped with the farm chores during his boyhood. Jimmy went to public school in Plains. His favorite subjects included history, literature, and music. As a teenager, he played on the high school basketball team. In 1941, following graduation from high school, Carter entered Georgia Southwestern College in Americus. In 1942, he was appointed to the United States Navel Academy. Carter met Rosalyn Smith, best friend of his sister Ruth. In the summer after graduation they were married. By the early 1950’s Carter and his wife had three sons. In 1962, Carter entered the race for the Democratic nomination for the Georgia Senate. He lost by a few votes, partly because of fraud that included stuffed ballot boxes. Carter pursued his appeals until he was declared the winner of the primary. In spite of all the confusion, Carter won the election. As a state senator, Carter advocated planning in government, and programs to help the poor and the disadvantaged. He was reelected in 1964. In 1971, Carter was inaugurated as governor of Georgia. Carter introduced policies that helped change the government and society. He supported integration, appointed many blacks to posts in state government. During his administration, the number of black appointees on major state boards and agencies increased from 3 to 53. The number of black state employees rose by about 40 per cent. Carter also established a project to honor notable black Georgians. He promoted prison reform and mental health programs. During his term as governor Carter traveled widely and began to believe that he was well qualified ...

6 Reasons You Must Stop Wasting Time on Facebook and Invest It on LinkedIn

6 Reasons You Must Stop Wasting Time on Facebook and Invest It on LinkedIn Last week, an article entitled Facebook Lurking Can Make You Feel Miserable, According to Study made a very credible claim that people who spend an hour on Facebook per day (the national average) have more of a tendency toward depression than those who spend 5 minutes per day or less on the site. Some people, many of them teens, may spend many hours on the site, addictively checking their â€Å"Likes† and their friends’ feeds. The study found that Facebook lurking (reading without interacting) leads to depression because we have a tendency to compare ourselves to others. Whether we think they are doing better or worse than we are, these comparisons still lead to depression. (How can they not when we are constantly checking on our friends’ updates?) And here’s the rub: We convince ourselves that we will feel better after using Facebook, whereas the opposite is true. Rather than be uplifted by a sense of connection, most people experience a sense of having wasted time. The study showed that decreasing Facebook use, and staying away from browsing sections that invoke envy, can cause positive changes for people who were experiencing depression. Facebook users were more at risk of depression if they displayed the following: Felt envy after observing others Accepted former partners as Facebook friends Made negative social comparisons Made frequent negative status updates If you’re a LinkedIn user, why subject yourself to this risk when there’s another option? Here’s why I think you would do better to spend your time on LinkedIn: LinkedIn is unlikely to be a waste of time. If you are on LinkedIn, you are almost certainly building your networks or learning something valuable about your industry. You are unlikely to be watching cat videos, looking at gorgeous photographs of places you will never visit, or getting sucked into political conversations. And you only need to spend 20 minutes a day! It’s safer to accept invitations from former partners on LinkedIn. You will not be subjected to updates on their love lives or news about how well they are doing socially without you. While you might experience a twinge upon an announcement of an old partner’s new job, I believe it pales in comparison with what you might feel looking at their Facebook feed. If you’re feeling jealous of other people’s jobs, at least you can do something about it. LinkedIn is designed so that if someone you know gets a job you want, you can reach out to them and talk about how they did it. Maybe you’ll get tips on how to reach that goal yourself! LinkedIn encourages this type of interaction rather than encouraging you to stew in a jealous mire. You’ll learn about relevant topics on LinkedIn rather than have to wade through streams of irrelevant postings. By joining groups on LinkedIn, you can ensure that you receive posts that relate to your fields of interest. You can also manage the information that comes through your LinkedIn news feed (although come aspects of this feature are under construction). As per LinkedIn, you can customize your feed  on desktop and the mobile app by hiding updates from your connections, unfollowing connections and companies, and discovering new content. You’re unlikely to become â€Å"addicted† to LinkedIn. You’ll be able to accomplish what you set out to accomplish on the site, get it done, and move on with your life. Time on LinkedIn is time invested in yourself and your career. It is an exercise in creating opportunities. Every post you publish, well-considered connection you make, and conversation you engage in on LinkedIn creates visibility for you in your professional network. Whatever your career or business goals, this is good news. And Facebook can hardly claim that. One note of caution: Even LinkedIn is not a good place to be late at night. Nighttime use of social media has been linked to sleep problems in many studies. So take care of your LinkedIn activity during daytime or early evening hours! What do you think? Are you ready to trade in your addictive Facebook behavior for some more constructive social media time? I’d love to hear your thoughts (and plans) below. Save Save Save Save

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

Crime Data Sources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime Data Sources - Assignment Example For UCR program, crime data is collected in two ways: traditional summary reporting and National Incident-Based Reporting held at state level where all local agencies report to their respective state UCR programs. These two methods capture data from a myriad of primary and secondary sources. Information acquired is accessible to the public, researchers and the media on the existing crime levels in the US. The UCR is vital in key policy issues as it captures data for multiple years on different crimes (FBI, nd). These surveys collect data on a sample representative of the nation on personal and domestic victimization in the US. The survey has been ongoing from its inception in 1973. The sample size is estimated at 40000 households with an average population of 75000 where each household is surveyed twice in the year the household is selected, but a household can be interviewed for a period more than one year but not exceeding 3 years and limited to 7 interviews (BSJ, nd). The surveys target to gather information about crimes and their consequences; estimate unreported crimes; provide measures to curb selected crimes; and allow comparisons between different geographical areas over time. The survey is important as it provides data used to estimate probability of victimization for the population as a whole plus other interest segments like racial groups, geographical locations etc. NCVS also provides a national platform for victims to describe the effects of crime and profile violent offenders. These surveys are sponsored by the justice department through the Bureau of Justice statistics (Fisher& Lab, 2010). The international victimization survey provides worldwide information on crime victimization, allowing for contrast and evaluation between countries. The survey is administered by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and aspires to set the standard for victimization reporting. The survey is conducted through

Music and Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Music and Mind - Essay Example An experiment in neuroscience and cognitive science find a good relationship between music and humans mental and the functioning of the human brain in cognitive ability (Levitin, 2015). Children can remember the music pitches and contours especially in melodies, which can help them remember what happened earlier in the day. The brain has the basic musical building blocks such as the neurons that are sensitive to tone pitch, rhythms, complex harmonic relationships, and melodic contours. For instance, the left hemisphere of the brain can process melody and the right one process language. Children have brains that understands music just like adults and enjoy music in their early life stages. Through listening and paying attention to music, children develop communication, self-expression, and cognition. The muscles and the brain also have a share of the real effect of the music. Scans taken in the brain during musical performances indicate that the cerebral cortex is normally active thro ughout the playing period (Meyer, 2008). Therefore, music engages the brain synapses and improves its capacity through neuron connectivity. Researchers found that music improves reading performances especially in the 1st graders as the experimental group showed high scores in academics than the control group (Meyer, 2008). Engaging in music through learning and performances exercises the brain by strengthening the synapses between the cells of the brain. The specific pitch training in music enhances the reading and the understanding capacity of the students. The ability of a student to recognize words in music leads to the improvement of the sounding-out stage increasing the students ability to rad. Research has shown that a correlation exist between the way students read standard and phonic and pitch discrimination (Supplemental Material for Review of

Difference between service base and population base Research Paper

Difference between service base and population base - Research Paper Example As net CNU is a vital thing in estimation of population counts there is much concentration in population census. It starts with a summarized census collection process description and universe population definition and summarizes with processes used for CNU (Bureau of Census, 2010) On the other hand, service base is system of information for managing service processes. The services should be for IT services, technical support and servicing. It focuses knowledge from the management service of a company into a single source, allowing it for effective usage and sharing. The service base operator application gives users and consumers with online back up with all benefits arising from management process. It is a 100% application on website that uses internet in communicating with customers. The communication provided is through secured protocols. The IT system is completely configurable from a basic solution to value that is full for problem management and incident management including services of configuration database. A successful description of solved problems is easily exported to knowledge that is separated into classes by various users’ and products access rights (Foulkes,

Wester Civilization II paper #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wester Civilization II paper #1 - Essay Example The Prince by Machiavelli focuses on the dos and don’ts of a prince. According to him, a prince is not a public entity so his activities and life style should never be conventional like his subjects. According to Machiavelli, a prince always needs to build a kind of aura around him so that he can be easily identified someone superior and above the average human lot. The focus on the activity of a prince or the head of the state reshaped the treaty a lot and made the doctrine on one of the most valuable treaties of the political theory and diplomatic strategy. Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ focuses further on the military duty of a Prince. It also deals with the functional and the compositional aspect of the various troops with the special focus on the Mercenaries. The book is also focused on detecting and scrutinizing the reason behind appraisal or criticism of a man and especially that of a prince. The doctrine deals with the theory of cruelty or clemency and decides whether it is better to get love or to be feared. The other three important facets on which the treaty focuses are the way; the world of a Prince should be kept, the process by which he should acquire reputation and the impact of destiny of humans and the way to fight with it. All these theories and diplomatic treaties suggested in the book under any circumstance w ill help a prince to rule his kingdom with full sovereignty and have a stable government in his province. Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ is considered as the most important political work of the period. There is no second opinion regarding the effectiveness of the book but then the book also gained its pinnacle of popularity during the renaissance period because the book reflected largely about the political situation of the period and discussed issues to pacify the situation in Italy and particularly in Florence. Although there were numerous city – states by the beginning of the fifteenth

Robert Frost Contribution to American Literature Research Paper

Robert Frost Contribution to American Literature - Research Paper Example To support the family, his mother became a teacher and his grandfather was homeschooling Robert and his sister. He was very stern, yet with him Robert received a very solid education. About a year later they moved to Salem where Robert passed examinations to enter Lawrence High School. He finished the school year ahead of his class. When in Lawrence High, his poems first appeared in his school’s Bulletin. In his senior year in High School he became an editor of The Bulletin, he fell in love with Elinor Miriam White. Right after the graduation ceremony Robert asked her to marry him right away, but she decided to postpone the marriage until more appropriate time since both of them were to enter different colleges. Frost was admitted to Harvard, but because his grandfather and mother thought Harvard to be full of freethinkers that could lead Robert astray and also because it was cheaper, in the fall of 1892 Frost entered Dartmouth College, yet he spent there less than a semester and dropped out. (Ketzle) He returned to Salem and became a school teacher. He also worked at various jobs and in 1894 he sold his poem â€Å"My butterfly: An Elegy† to a New York magazine, The Independent. Elated, he visited Elinor and asked her marry him at once, but she wanted to finish college first. After her refusal, depressed, he went on a reckless two week journey to Virginia’s Dismal Swamp. ... At that time he worked on his poem that would make up his first volume. But being a farmer was not Frost’s forte, so he sold the Derry farm and traveled with his family to England. He decided to live there and became a teacher. Shortly after arrival in England, Frost gave his first book of poems to a small London publisher. He also got acquainted with many literary men, such as Rupert Brooke, Earnest Rhys, Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats,  Robert Bridges, Walter de la Mare, W.  H. Davies, and Ralph Hodgson, and many others. When England entered into the First World Frost returned to United States. He learnt that Henry Hold and Company would publish his book. In America, Frost gave talks and reading throughout New England. He got elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He was teaching, advising students at the Michigan University in accordance with accepted fellowship. In 1924 he was awarded his first Pulitzer Prize for New Hampshire. He also earned other nu merous awards and prizes. In 1930 Collected Poems won Frost a second Pulitzer Prize. Later in life he received another two Pulitzer Prize - great honors for achievements in literature. In his life he received total of four such rewards. During the next ten years, Frost became even more honored and revered. Yet, in his personal life, he endured serious of grievous disasters. In 1934 died his youngest and favorite child Marjorie; in 1938 of a heart attack suddenly died his wife. Frost went into heavy depression, having his whole world collapsing. Then, to add to the grief, his son Carol committed suicide. Another daughter suffered from mental disorders. So after this series of tragic occurrences a number of poems in A Witness Tree derived their dark tone, yet some of his best poetry such as

Journal of Korean film Bedevilled (2010) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal of Korean film Bedevilled (2010) - Essay Example Cruelty of people, gendered violence, city and rural ways of being is remained to be the central problems that are involved into the film. It is possible to highlight two basic figures in the film that develop a plot and action. These are considered to be women those names are Hae-won and Pong-nam (Cho, 139-140). They have different characters and different faiths, but they both are presupposed to cruelty to some extent. The first one is represented as a cold lady with a severe and even brutal character. She works in a bank, lives in a big city, but is tired from all of this. She is used to behave impertinent and rude with all people around her. The moment that she becomes a witness of a crime and does nothing for the help of unfortunate woman proves the indifference and cruelty of her soul. Even when Hae-won’s old friend asks for the help she refuses despite the fact that she has been willing to provide it. The second woman represents the images of victim and murderer. This woman lives in a rural landscape and suffers from sexploitation and other bullying from people around her. Moreover, that is considered to be her husband, brothers and old women. Her soul is full of pain and infliction. Still, the patience of Pong-nam comes to an end when she loses her daughter and gets a refusal to save her from this hell. Since this moment Pong-nam becomes a murder. The thirst for revenge seizes this woman and she starts to requite for all pain that has been inflicted to her. In addition, it is relevant to admit the contrast between the settings that are represented in the film. The plot of â€Å"Bedevilled† develops in a huge city Seoul and rural place Moodo. Through these images it is possible to parallel civilized society and uncivilized one. City is viewed as a place where people can earn a lot of money and live better, while countryside is represented as a terrible and awful

Robert Frost Contribution to American Literature Research Paper

Robert Frost Contribution to American Literature - Research Paper Example To support the family, his mother became a teacher and his grandfather was homeschooling Robert and his sister. He was very stern, yet with him Robert received a very solid education. About a year later they moved to Salem where Robert passed examinations to enter Lawrence High School. He finished the school year ahead of his class. When in Lawrence High, his poems first appeared in his school’s Bulletin. In his senior year in High School he became an editor of The Bulletin, he fell in love with Elinor Miriam White. Right after the graduation ceremony Robert asked her to marry him right away, but she decided to postpone the marriage until more appropriate time since both of them were to enter different colleges. Frost was admitted to Harvard, but because his grandfather and mother thought Harvard to be full of freethinkers that could lead Robert astray and also because it was cheaper, in the fall of 1892 Frost entered Dartmouth College, yet he spent there less than a semester and dropped out. (Ketzle) He returned to Salem and became a school teacher. He also worked at various jobs and in 1894 he sold his poem â€Å"My butterfly: An Elegy† to a New York magazine, The Independent. Elated, he visited Elinor and asked her marry him at once, but she wanted to finish college first. After her refusal, depressed, he went on a reckless two week journey to Virginia’s Dismal Swamp. ... At that time he worked on his poem that would make up his first volume. But being a farmer was not Frost’s forte, so he sold the Derry farm and traveled with his family to England. He decided to live there and became a teacher. Shortly after arrival in England, Frost gave his first book of poems to a small London publisher. He also got acquainted with many literary men, such as Rupert Brooke, Earnest Rhys, Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats,  Robert Bridges, Walter de la Mare, W.  H. Davies, and Ralph Hodgson, and many others. When England entered into the First World Frost returned to United States. He learnt that Henry Hold and Company would publish his book. In America, Frost gave talks and reading throughout New England. He got elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He was teaching, advising students at the Michigan University in accordance with accepted fellowship. In 1924 he was awarded his first Pulitzer Prize for New Hampshire. He also earned other nu merous awards and prizes. In 1930 Collected Poems won Frost a second Pulitzer Prize. Later in life he received another two Pulitzer Prize - great honors for achievements in literature. In his life he received total of four such rewards. During the next ten years, Frost became even more honored and revered. Yet, in his personal life, he endured serious of grievous disasters. In 1934 died his youngest and favorite child Marjorie; in 1938 of a heart attack suddenly died his wife. Frost went into heavy depression, having his whole world collapsing. Then, to add to the grief, his son Carol committed suicide. Another daughter suffered from mental disorders. So after this series of tragic occurrences a number of poems in A Witness Tree derived their dark tone, yet some of his best poetry such as

Lin Article Critique Essay Example for Free

Lin Article Critique Essay However, when splitting the forty patients into two treatment groups, the clients were split randomly. This places twenty participants in each subgroup. Pyrczak (2008) suggests that number of participants can be so small that generalizing would be inappropriate. At the conclusion of the study caution was given to the small sample size provided, but it was noted that â€Å"the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Lin et al. , 2004). This indicates that a generalization was drawn from the target group of residential drug rehabilitation clients and was not drawn from a diverse source. Some participant dropped out of the study resulting in a 35% completion rate (Lin et al. , 2004). This low rate does effect generalizing the findings of the study. The participants were similar on relevant variables in that all of the patients were diagnosed with a mental disorder, had a history of a chronic addiction, a poor response to treatment and relapse, legal issue related to addiction and little motivation to change (Lin et al. 2004). Critique of Procedures The procedures followed in acquiring participants in this study initially were not chosen at random. The forty-three patients selected for the study were from a residential drug treatment center that had specific criteria preferred by the researchers. However, when the patients were separated into treatment groups, â€Å"they were randomly assigned to FT or ADC† (Linn et al. , 2004). The treatments described in this study are sufficiently explained in detail. The researchers describe ADC, alcohol and drug counseling as a common treatment plan for substance abuse. The article is written in more descriptive detail about forgiveness therapy for the reason that its effectiveness is being tested. The treatments were administered by a therapist trained in both FT and ADC therapy with more than twenty years of therapeutic counseling experience. The treatments that were administered were monitored by taping the therapy sessions with a member of the team arbitrarily selecting the tapings for review of â€Å"consistency between expected and delivered treatments† (Linn et al. 2004). The same therapist conducted all the therapy sessions so that the personal effect is eliminated as a factor from this study. The therapist used the same methodology in both types of treatment programs. The setting for the experiment was a natural setting in the sense that it was not conducted in a laboratory. The therapy sessions took place within the current living environment of the rehabilitation residential facility. The researcher considered attrition in this study stating that, â€Å"given the high levels of mobility and chaos that characterize the lives of this client population, this dropout rate is not unusual. However, the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Linn et al. , 2004). Critique of Instrumentation The evaluating instruments for the research did not include actual items in the research, but did explain in great detail the description of each instrument. The researchers also included research that supported validity of each assessment. Specialized formatting and detail was used when the instruments were administered in random order and the response format was provided. Restrictions were placed upon the research when the patience were initially chosen with the three dispositions of a chronic addiction with relapse, psychiatric diagnoses, poor response to treatment with low motivation to change, and legal issues dealing with substance abuse (Linn et al. , 2004). Multiple methods are used to collect information on each variable within this research. The EFI, BDI-II, CSEI, STAI, SSTAEI and vulnerability to drug use scale were used to obtain data on each patient and use for statistical analysis (Linn et al. , 2004). The researchers provided sources and well researched information for each published instrument. The self-report assessments were not administered anonymously, therefore, there is some reason of doubt that information obtained from patients could have been influenced by â€Å"social desirability or response-style biases† (Linn et al. , 2004). This researcher believes steps were taken to keep the instrumentation from influencing any overt behaviors due to the fact that all patients were exposed to the same therapist as a constant, expected occurrence, causing little deviation from the expected schedule.

Philosophy of Samsung

Philosophy of Samsung Question 1 Samsung is a popular name in almost every household across the world. Samsung group products range from phones to washing machine. Emerging in the 1928 as a food exporter in Korea, shipping seafoods to China (Nytimes.com, 2013). Prior to becoming Samsung Electronics, between 1950 and 1960, Samsung got into business like textiles and manufacturing (Kovach, 2013). Business of textiles and manufacturing proved to be successful to Samsung because their profits had soared by 20-folds (Fundinguniverse.com, 2002). During the late 60s, Samsung group became Samsung Electronics, mainly responsible for manufacturing television. It made its first black and white television in 1970. Parallel to producing electronic goods such as television, Samsung became a part of many service businesses including insurance, department store and security. Samsungs founder Lee Byung-Chull was charged with corruption during the 1960s, which is when Samsung tasted its bitter time period. However the charges dropped as it was proved to be a result of fabrication (Fundinguniverse.com, 2002). Nevertheless, after the release of Lee, due to the start of electronics sale, Samsung continued to witness growth between 1970 and 1980. In the year of 1980, Samsung had bought a well-known telecommunication company known as Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin (Kovach, 2013). As a result, Samsung started the production of telephone, fax machines and switchboards. Despite Samsungs founders death, Samsung maintained its core values and approaches. Its standards could allow for continual expansion (Mathew, 2012). It invested money in research to develop new technology which brought Samsung a good outcome. It is evident in 1992 when Samsung became the only brand name to produce memory chips. Huge profits were made during 1995 when Samsung build Liquid Crystal Display screen (Lim and Park, 2012). Samsungs mass electronics production did not leave it behind in other industries it had invested in. Its construction division was able to conduct big projects like the Burj Khalifa and the Petronas Tower (Kovach, 2013). Recently Samsung surfaced in media reports for all the wrong reasons. These included, the vice-chairman of Samsung, Lee Jae-Yong arrested and Samsung Galaxy Note 7 catching on fire. According to Appendix 1, it is evident that an influential chaebol like Samsung are deeply connected and have ties with government. Opposing the Chaebol system is opposing government which got Lee facing charges of bribery and corruption. Furthermore, it is important to understand that company like Samsung are grounded by the Korean values and the Chaebols do not necessarily accept westernised method of working. Lees western education gave him the vision to change the way this Chaebol functions but as his friend quoted he still operates in a very much Koreanised economic, political and business environment, indicating that the government is not willing to sacrifice the years of traditions and culture that the Chaebols were founded upon (Martin and Cheng, 2017). In short, Samsungs philosophy is described as Inspired by humans, creating the future (Design.samsung.com, 2014). This implies Samsung values the ideas spawned by people and believes that it is essential for us to construct the future in terms of building new technology and revolutionising the way technology plays its role in the society. It also mentions about sustainable values which Samsung promotes, not only to its employees but also to the wide community to build designs and use technology that is compatible with the environment (Design.samsung.com, 2014). Samsungs aim also includes to bring joy and meaning to our lives, focusing on developing the technology that empowers us (Design.samsung.com, 2014). Samsung stands by its three goals which are: balance of reasoning and feeling, simplicity with resonance and meaningful innovation. Keeping into account with its history and understanding its goals for the future, it is valid to conclude that Samsungs approach to future is to inte grate technology in our lives to move forward into the future. Question 2 Chaebol is a style that emerged in the early sixties in South Korea. It is a style started by a conglomerate of businesses that were formed through various strategies introduced by the government, in order to build the Korean economy post war (Stephen, n.d.). The centralised ownership of business like the Chaebol, is leading the Korean economy ever since its creation. Parallel to western style, the organisation/s is owned by the founders family, where the professionals manage and owner earns the credits of both owning and managing the organisation. Chaebol implemented policies that promoted manufacturing industries and exporting of goods which were in synchronisation with the world economic trend, therefore stabilising Korean economic growth and development (Murillo and Sung, 2013). Central leadership to work towards national development and cultural emphasis on acceptance of authority are key features of Korean society which Chaebol implemented into its work management. This as a result made Chaebol grow towards success. Samsung and LG are examples of prominent chaebols known today. Organisation culture is the way members of the particular organisation behave with each other as a result of shared values, beliefs and assumption (Robbins and Coulter, 2012). This is particularly important to highlight when discussing Chaebols organisational culture. Koreas Chaebol is known for its distinguishing management style. Some of its many key features include: self-made founders, management by clan and tight ties with the government (Yoo and Lee, 1987). The management style of Chaebol is that of top-down management. The owners or founders have large influence in the management of Chaebol. Chaebols are largely influenced by the Korean values which sustain Chaebols success (Economist.com, 2017). Its rise in the 1960s meant that the working style was similar to that of colonial Japanese Zaibatsu, however the Korean Chaebols management stick to Confucians tradition, which Korean society is significantly based on. The Confucian tradition promotes the necessity and strength in fa milial relations. Hence the owners are regarded as the father-figure while the employees maintain their sense of belonging through brotherhood (Rhyu, 2017). Confucian culture is not only embedded within the firms but also forms the basis for the management of powerful ties between Chaebol and the government (Rhyu, 2017). The time period of 1960 was also a factor that gave Chaebols a unique characteristic. Conflict during that time had a huge impact on shaping management practices upheld by the rising Chaebols. In order to establish strong relation between the employee and the company, Chaebols used military disciplines which meant new employee had to undergo training. Training included the learning the firms principles in order to uphold the organisations culture (Economist.com, 2017). Question 3 Due to recent incidents of Samsung phone overheating and catching on flames, Samsung witnessed a huge market share decline. The Korean company had to recall all the Galaxy Note 7 that was sold. It had to recall close to 3 million phones costing Samsung more than $5billion. However the replacement phones also caused overheating. This not only affected the companys market share and position but hit the companys reputation (Hollister, 2016). Shares plummeted so much that it was cut by $17 billion from its market. This left Samsung frantically searching for the reason behind the phones defect. The drop in market value was 8% which was recorded the highest since 2008 (Lee, Kim and Kim, 2016). These phones caught on fire due to battery defects. The battery defects was a result of design flaw. The phone design was not compatible with the battery that was supposed to be fit into the phone. Research reveals that the thin sheets of plastic separating the positive and negative sides had slightl y touched at the edges due to stress hence created a puncture point. This point became least resistant to electric flow and caused the phone to eventually overheat to the point of bursting into flames. Phone industries continue to use lithium batteries despite the risk but lithium battery was not the reason for Samsung Galaxy Note 7 to catch on fire (Tibken and Cheng, 2017). According to Gartner, the worldwide sale of smartphones had increased by 7%. Samsung was No. 1 in Global Smartphone ranking, however after the Galaxy Note 7 incident, during the fourth quarter of 2016, Apple took the No. 1 spot, pushing Samsung to the 2nd position on the Chart (Miller, 2017). Samsung suffered a blow due to the Galaxy Note 7, so it is imperative to be successful with the next new device it introduces to regain its momentum in the market (Titcomb, 2016). Question 4 Every organisation represents and stand by the values that it was founded upon. Similarly, Samsung also represents the values it set when it was founded. It has also set goals which allows the organisation to work towards. Samsung, to be a leading smartphone producer, has taken years of shaping the way the organisation works and made improvements where required such as adopting western ethics and code of conduct. Recently, the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 has caused severe damage and loss to Samsung (Titcomb, 2016). Although its ranking on the global smartphone has fallen from the first to second, the monetary loss and the blow to its reputation was great (Titcomb, 2016). Samsungs incident with Galaxy Note 7 is not reflection of its standards because as mentioned above, there has been events in history of Samsung that caused Samsung loss, both in money and reputation but it is because of its standards it has risen out the troubles. In the incident with the Galaxy Note 7, Samsung has display ed the fact that the company shows quick response to any defects with its products. Samsung acted swiftly when it was notified about its products catching fire (Tibken and Cheng, 2017). Hence in terms of the way the organisation responds is something that should continue not be changed. However, as CEO, it would be necessary to change the testing process prior to launching any product. For Samsung, it just not about just good ideas and new designs, it should be the implementation of that good idea. For example, smartphone producers like Samsung and Apple have been using lithium battery for all their technologies so far but it is vital for them to test it and understand whether the new technology that they have designed is compatible with the battery (Tibken and Cheng, 2017). As CEO, after the Galaxy Note incident, it is essential that Samsung moves forward with technology but keeping into account whether the new technology is compatible with the parts that are not new. As CEO, the workforce should look the way it is but since there are many factors affect work environment, it is essential to take them into consideration. For example, it is understandable that parts of any products are manufactured all around the world, however it is difficult to trace back especially when the product has a defect like how it happened with the Galaxy Note 7 (Mack, 2012). Due to this incident, I would implement a change in the workforce. I would want the testing department to rigorously test components designed and also test after the components that have returned from the foreign country that has built it. Such thorough testing is important in order to not only maintain the reputation of the organisation but also stand firm with the organisations goal to deliver quality products and service. Samsung organisation follows the Korean values which it is founded upon. These values have enabled it to work smoothly within Korea but expand worldwide (Rhyu, 2017). The types of employees that would be hired are the ones that uphold the organisations values. Employees who contributing to make Samsung meet its goals are the sort of employees that would be hired. Employees should be aware of the culture that the organisation is founded upon and must integrate with the organisation. Bibliography Design.samsung.com. (2014). SAMSUNG DESIGN PHILOSOPHY. [online] Available at: http://design.samsung.com/global/contents/samsung_philosophy/ [Accessed 14 Mar. 2017]. Economist.com. (2017). Corporate culture in South Korea Loosening their ties. [online] Available at: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21679214-punishing-work-culture-gradually-being-relaxed-loosening-their-ties [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Fundinguniverse.com. (2002). History of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. FundingUniverse. [online] Available at: http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/samsung-electronics-co-ltd-history/ [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Hollister, S. (2016). Heres why Samsung Note 7 phones are catching fire. [online] CNET. Available at: https://www.cnet.com/au/news/why-is-samsung-galaxy-note-7-exploding-overheating/ [Accessed 14 Mar. 2017]. Kovach, S. (2013). How Samsung Went From A Dried Fish Exporter To One Of The Top Names In Tech. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/history-of-samsung-2013-2?r=USIR=T#samsung-was-founded-by-byung-chull-lee-in-1938-in-taegu-korea-the-company-started-as-a-food-exporter-in-korea-and-shipped-items-like-dried-fish-and-flour-to-china-1 [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Lee, Y., Kim, H. and Kim, S. (2016). Samsung Market Value Plummets $17 Billion on Note 7 Sales Halt. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-10/samsung-crisis-raises-prospect-note-7-could-head-to-scrapheap [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Lim, B. and Park, K. (2012). The Success Story of Samsung Electronics: How It All Began | Samsung Official Blog: Samsung Village. [online] Samsung Official Blog: Samsung Village. Available at: http://www.samsungvillage.com/blog/2012/06/01/samsungblog-the-success-story-of-samsung-electronics-how-it-all-began/ [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Mack, E. (2012). Are any smartphones not made in China?. [online] CNET. Available at: https://www.cnet.com/au/news/are-any-smartphones-not-made-in-china/ [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Martin, T., Cheng, J., (2017) Samsung heir Lee Jae-yong spiral to bottom Wall Street Journal in The Australian URL: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wall-street-journal/samsung-heir-leejaeyong-spiral-to-bottom/news-story/f39e503332b7cb1b8b5db302c2ac7c67 (accessed 22/2/17). Mathew, A. (2012). Samsung Story History, Founder, Founded, CEO | Conglomerate Companies | SuccessStory. [online] Successstory.com. Available at: https://successstory.com/companies/samsung-group [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Miller, C. (2017). Latest Gartner data shows Apple edge out Samsung in market share during Q4 2016. [online] 9to5Mac. 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